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1.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 76(3): 83-89, Feb 1, 2023. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-215742

RESUMO

Introducción: El tratamiento farmacológico de la epilepsia no es curativo; pretende, en lo posible, evitar crisis en niños que probablemente van a seguir teniéndolas. Pacientes y métodos: El objeto es analizar nuestra experiencia en niños con epilepsia y con primera crisis no sintomática aguda no tratados con antiepilépticos. Se analizó a pacientes atendidos en una consulta de neuropediatría, desde 2017 hasta 2021, que habían sufrido una o más crisis no sintomáticas agudas y a los que no se les había tratado farmacológicamente. Resultados: Sesenta y cinco pacientes cumplieron los criterios de selección. Veinticuatro habían tenido una única crisis, con un tiempo medio de duración de 12 minutos (1-60). En un 66,7% fue nocturna. Un 41,7% presentó electroencefalograma patológico, y un 21%, hallazgos patológicos en la neuroimagen. El tiempo medio de control fue de 2,7 años (0,003-13,6 años). Cuarenta y uno presentaron más de una crisis, con una duración media de nueve minutos (1-60). Cinco pacientes presentaron más de 20 crisis, y el resto, entre dos y 17. Veinticuatro (58,5%) presentaron únicamente crisis nocturnas. Se realizó un electroencefalograma en todos: grafoelementos epileptiformes en el 63,4%; y neuroimagen en todos: patológica en el 4,9%. El tiempo medio de control fue de 3,8 años (0,01-9,1 años). Conclusiones: La frecuencia de las crisis, la patología de base o los resultados de las pruebas complementarias no deberían ser las únicas variables que habría que considerar para iniciar el tratamiento farmacológico antiepiléptico en los niños. Debería prevalecer, por encima de aquéllos, el potencial perjuicio sobre la calidad de vida y el neurodesarrollo, las funciones atencionales y el comportamiento del niño, y siempre consensuar esta decisión con los padres.(AU)


Introduction: Pharmacological treatment of epilepsy is not healing; it tries to avoid seizures, as far as possible, in children who probably would still have them. Patients and methods: Our purpose is to analyse our experience with epileptic children and those who have a first non-symptomatic seizure without pharmacological treatment. Patients seen in a paediatric neurology consultation, from 2017 to 2021, who had suffered one or more acute non-symptomatic crises and who had not been treated pharmacologically, were analysed. Results: Sixty-five patients meet the selection criteria. Twenty-four patients had had a single crisis with a mean duration of 12 minutes (1-60). In 66.7% it was nocturnal. 41.7% presented pathological electroencephalogram, and 21% pathological findings in neuroimaging. The mean control time was 2.7 years (0.003-13.6 years). Forty-one presented more than one crisis, with a mean duration of nine minutes (1-60). Five patients presented more than 20 seizures, the rest between two and 17. Twenty-four (58.5%) presented only nocturnal seizures. An electroencephalogram was performed in all: epileptiform graphoelements in 63.4%; and neuroimaging in all: pathological in 4.9%. Mean control time was 3.8 years (0.01-9.1 years). Conclusions: Seizure frequency, underlying pathology or test results should not be the only variables to take into consideration when starting antiepileptic drug treatment. The repercussion on their quality of life and neurodevelopment should prevail, agreeing on this decision with the parents.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Convulsões , Anticonvulsivantes , Neuroimagem , Neurologia , Saúde da Criança , Estudos Retrospectivos
2.
Rev Neurol ; 76(3): 83-89, 2023 02 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36703501

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Pharmacological treatment of epilepsy is not healing; it tries to avoid seizures, as far as possible, in children who probably would still have them. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Our purpose is to analyse our experience with epileptic children and those who have a first non-symptomatic seizure without pharmacological treatment. Patients seen in a paediatric neurology consultation, from 2017 to 2021, who had suffered one or more acute non-symptomatic crises and who had not been treated pharmacologically, were analysed. RESULTS: Sixty-five patients meet the selection criteria. Twenty-four patients had had a single crisis with a mean duration of 12 minutes (1-60). In 66.7% it was nocturnal. 41.7% presented pathological electroencephalogram, and 21% pathological findings in neuroimaging. The mean control time was 2.7 years (0.003-13.6 years). Forty-one presented more than one crisis, with a mean duration of nine minutes (1-60). Five patients presented more than 20 seizures, the rest between two and 17. Twenty-four (58.5%) presented only nocturnal seizures. An electroencephalogram was performed in all: epileptiform graphoelements in 63.4%; and neuroimaging in all: pathological in 4.9%. Mean control time was 3.8 years (0.01-9.1 years). CONCLUSIONS: Seizure frequency, underlying pathology or test results should not be the only variables to take into consideration when starting antiepileptic drug treatment. The repercussion on their quality of life and neurodevelopment should prevail, agreeing on this decision with the parents.


TITLE: Wait and see en epilepsia pediátrica. Nuestra experiencia.El tratamiento farmacológico de la epilepsia no es curativo; pretende, en lo posible, evitar crisis en niños que probablemente van a seguir teniéndolas. Pacientes y métodos. El objeto es analizar nuestra experiencia en niños con epilepsia y con primera crisis no sintomática aguda no tratados con antiepilépticos. Se analizó a pacientes atendidos en una consulta de neuropediatría, desde 2017 hasta 2021, que habían sufrido una o más crisis no sintomáticas agudas y a los que no se les había tratado farmacológicamente. Resultados. Sesenta y cinco pacientes cumplieron los criterios de selección. Veinticuatro habían tenido una única crisis, con un tiempo medio de duración de 12 minutos (1-60). En un 66,7% fue nocturna. Un 41,7% presentó electroencefalograma patológico, y un 21%, hallazgos patológicos en la neuroimagen. El tiempo medio de control fue de 2,7 años (0,003-13,6 años). Cuarenta y uno presentaron más de una crisis, con una duración media de nueve minutos (1-60). Cinco pacientes presentaron más de 20 crisis, y el resto, entre dos y 17. Veinticuatro (58,5%) presentaron únicamente crisis nocturnas. Se realizó un electroencefalograma en todos: grafoelementos epileptiformes en el 63,4%; y neuroimagen en todos: patológica en el 4,9%. El tiempo medio de control fue de 3,8 años (0,01-9,1 años). Conclusiones. La frecuencia de las crisis, la patología de base o los resultados de las pruebas complementarias no deberían ser las únicas variables que habría que considerar para iniciar el tratamiento farmacológico antiepiléptico en los niños. Debería prevalecer, por encima de aquéllos, el potencial perjuicio sobre la calidad de vida y el neurodesarrollo, las funciones atencionales y el comportamiento del niño, y siempre consensuar esta decisión con los padres.


Assuntos
Epilepsia Reflexa , Qualidade de Vida , Humanos , Criança , Convulsões/tratamento farmacológico , Convulsões/etiologia , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Neuroimagem
4.
Neurocirugía (Soc. Luso-Esp. Neurocir.) ; 33(4): 157-164, jul. - ago. 2022. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-204449

RESUMO

Introduction and objective: Arachnoid cysts (ACs) are relatively frequent lesions related to different neurological symptoms, being mostly incidentally diagnosed. This study aims to clarify whether AC surgery in epileptic patients is useful in their treatment. Material and methods: The patients registered in the database of the Neuropediatrics Section from May 1990 to August 2019 are analyzed retrospectively. Patients in whom the diagnosis of ACs and epilepsy coincide are studied. The location, size and number of ACs, neurological development, age at diagnosis, follow-up time, the performance of surgery on the cyst, evolution, anatomical relationship between brain electrical activity and location of AC, and type of epilepsy are analyzed. Results: After analyzing the database, we found 1881 patients diagnosed with epilepsy, of which 25 had at least one intracranial AC. In 9 of the patients, cerebral or genetic pathologies were the cause of epilepsy. Of the other 16, only 2 patients showed that the type of epilepsy and the epileptogenic focus coincided with the location of the AC; one of them was surgically treated without success, and the other one remained asymptomatic without receiving medical or surgical treatment(AU)


Introducción y objetivo: Los quistes aracnoideos (QAs) son lesiones relativamente comunes relacionados con diferentes síntomas neurológicos, siendo diagnosticados de forma incidental en su mayoría. Este estudio tiene como objetivo aclarar si la cirugía sobre el QA en pacientes epilépticos es útil en su tratamiento. Material y métodos: Se analizan retrospectivamente los pacientes registrados en la base de datos de la Sección de Neuropediatría desde mayo de 1990 a agosto de 2019. Se estudian los pacientes en los que coincide el diagnóstico de QA y epilepsia. Se analiza la localización, tamaño y número de los QA, el desarrollo neurológico, edad al diagnóstico, tiempo de seguimiento, realización de cirugía sobre el QA, evolución, relación anatómica entre la actividad eléctrica cerebral y la localización del QA, así como el tipo de epilepsia. Resultados: Tras el análisis de la base de datos encontramos 1.881 pacientes diagnosticados de epilepsia, entre ellos 25 con al menos un QA intracraneal. En nueve de los pacientes la patología cerebral o genética por sí misma era causa de epilepsia. De los otros 16, únicamente en dos casos se evidenció que el tipo de epilepsia y el foco epileptogénico coincidían con la localización del QA; uno de ellos fue tratado quirúrgicamente sin éxito y el otro permaneció asintomático sin recibir tratamiento médico ni quirúrgico. Conclusiones: Aunque es necesario diseñar un estudio prospectivo para establecer causalidad, los resultados de nuestro trabajo y la literatura disponible sugieren que no hay relación causal entre la presencia de QAs y epilepsia. El estudio y tratamiento de estos pacientes debería ser completado en una unidad multidisciplinar de cirugía de la epilepsia, sin asumir de inicio que el QA es la causa de la epilepsia(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Cistos Aracnóideos/complicações , Cistos Aracnóideos/cirurgia , Epilepsia/etiologia , Epilepsia/cirurgia
5.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 74(1): 15-21, Ene 1, 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-217561

RESUMO

Introducción: El traumatismo craneal por maltrato (TCM) se define como todo traumatismo que ocasiona lesiones intracraneales debido a un impacto directo infligido y/o zarandeo, y se caracteriza por la tríada de encefalopatía, hemorragias retinianas y hematoma subdural. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y radiológicas, así como las secuelas de los pacientes diagnosticados de TCM. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio descriptivo observacional retrospectivo de los 19 pacientes diagnosticados de TCM en un hospital terciario entre 1990 y 2018, ambos inclusive. Resultados: La edad media de los afectados fue de 5,5 meses y existe paridad entre ambos sexos. Las anamnesis aportadas por los cuidadores fueron: ausencia de traumatismo (n = 9), antecedente de caída (n = 6) y zarandeo (n = 4). La clínica inicial más prevalente fueron los síntomas graves, y las convulsiones fueron el síntoma más frecuente (n = 8). Quince pacientes presentaron hemorragias retinianas y otros 15, hematoma subdural o higroma. Dos pacientes fallecieron, siete presentaron secuelas en el alta y 10 de los 12 pacientes en los que se realizó seguimiento presentaron secuelas tardías manifestadas como secuelas cognitivas/comportamiento (n = 5) o como secuelas neurológicas (n = 6). Conclusiones: Las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y radiológicas son muy similares a las publicadas en la bibliografía. La presencia de secuelas es prevalente y éstas se manifiestan tanto como problemas cognitivos y de comportamiento como por secuelas neurológicas.(AU)


Introduction: Abusive head trauma (AHT) is defined as an injury to the skull or intracranial contents due to inflicted blunt impact and/or shaking. It is characterized by the triad: encephalopathy, retinal haemorrhages and subdural hematoma. The main objective is to know the epidemiological, clinical and radiological characteristics; as well as the short and long term outcomes of patients diagnosed with AHT. Patients and methods: It is a descriptive, observational and retrospective study of the 19 patients diagnosed with AHT at a tertiary hospital from 1990 to 2018, both included. Results: The mean age of the patients was 5,5 months with parity between both sexes. The principal medical histories reported were: absence of trauma (n = 9), history of a short fall (n = 6) and shaking (n = 4). The most frequent initial presentation was severe, and seizures was the main symptom (n = 8). Retinal haemorrhages were present in fifteen patients and subdural hematoma or hygroma in fifteen patients. Two patients died, seven presented short-term outcomes, and ten of the twelve patients who were performed a follow-up presented long-term outcomes. These outcomes were manifested as cognitive or behavioural disorders (n = 5) or as neurological disorders (n = 6). Conclusions: The epidemiological, clinical and radiological characteristics found are very similar to those reported in the literature. The prevalence of outcomes is high and they appear as cognitive or behavioural disorders.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Crânio/lesões , Hematoma Subdural , Hemorragia Retiniana , Síndrome do Bebê Sacudido , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos
6.
Rev Neurol ; 74(1): 15-21, 2022 01 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34927701

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Abusive head trauma (AHT) is defined as an injury to the skull or intracranial contents due to inflicted blunt impact and/or shaking. It is characterized by the triad: encephalopathy, retinal haemorrhages and subdural hematoma. The main objective is to know the epidemiological, clinical and radiological characteristics; as well as the short and long term outcomes of patients diagnosed with AHT. PATIENTS AND METHODS: It is a descriptive, observational and retrospective study of the 19 patients diagnosed with AHT at a tertiary hospital from 1990 to 2018, both included. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 5,5 months with parity between both sexes. The principal medical histories reported were: absence of trauma (n = 9), history of a short fall (n = 6) and shaking (n = 4). The most frequent initial presentation was severe, and seizures was the main symptom (n = 8). Retinal haemorrhages were present in fifteen patients and subdural hematoma or hygroma in fifteen patients. Two patients died, seven presented short-term outcomes, and ten of the twelve patients who were performed a follow-up presented long-term outcomes. These outcomes were manifested as cognitive or behavioural disorders (n = 5) or as neurological disorders (n = 6). CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiological, clinical and radiological characteristics found are very similar to those reported in the literature. The prevalence of outcomes is high and they appear as cognitive or behavioural disorders.


TITLE: Traumatismo craneal por maltrato. Revisión de nuestra experiencia.Introducción. El traumatismo craneal por maltrato (TCM) se define como todo traumatismo que ocasiona lesiones intracraneales debido a un impacto directo infligido y/o zarandeo, y se caracteriza por la tríada de encefalopatía, hemorragias retinianas y hematoma subdural. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y radiológicas, así como las secuelas de los pacientes diagnosticados de TCM. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio descriptivo observacional retrospectivo de los 19 pacientes diagnosticados de TCM en un hospital terciario entre 1990 y 2018, ambos inclusive. Resultados. La edad media de los afectados fue de 5,5 meses y existe paridad entre ambos sexos. Las anamnesis aportadas por los cuidadores fueron: ausencia de traumatismo (n = 9), antecedente de caída (n = 6) y zarandeo (n = 4). La clínica inicial más prevalente fueron los síntomas graves, y las convulsiones fueron el síntoma más frecuente (n = 8). Quince pacientes presentaron hemorragias retinianas y otros 15, hematoma subdural o higroma. Dos pacientes fallecieron, siete presentaron secuelas en el alta y 10 de los 12 pacientes en los que se realizó seguimiento presentaron secuelas tardías manifestadas como secuelas cognitivas/comportamiento (n = 5) o como secuelas neurológicas (n = 6). Conclusiones. Las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y radiológicas son muy similares a las publicadas en la bibliografía. La presencia de secuelas es prevalente y éstas se manifiestan tanto como problemas cognitivos y de comportamiento como por secuelas neurológicas.


Assuntos
Maus-Tratos Infantis/diagnóstico , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/diagnóstico , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos
7.
Rev Neurol ; 68(1): 7-10, 2019 Jan 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30560983

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) have a high predisposition to develop attention-deficit disorder. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of NF1 patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis attending our Child Neurology Department. We assess patient adherence and medical treatment outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Identification of patients with NF1 being followed up from December 31 2015 to June 31 2017 with ADHD diagnosis. Clinical and treatment data were collected. RESULTS: 56 patients with NF1 were enrolled in the study with a mean age of 9.83 ± 4.17 years. 23 patients (41%) were diagnosed with ADHD, mean age at ADHD diagnosis of 7.53 ± 2.46 years. School-age children with ADHD represented 48.8% of cases. All but one of the children received treatment, mean duration of treatment was 3.85 ± 3.04 years. 19 out of 22 patients (86%) continue medical treatment. Positive effects were reported by eleven patients with a moderate response in eight patients. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of ADHD in patients with NF1 is high. Early diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in patients with NF1 is highlighted by this study. Our study reveals good patient adherence and medical treatment outcomes in most patients.


TITLE: Neurofibromatosis tipo 1 y trastorno por deficit de atencion. Nuestra experiencia actual.Introduccion. Los pacientes con neurofibromatosis de tipo 1 (NF1) tienen una gran predisposicion a desarrollar deficit de atencion. El objetivo del estudio es determinar los pacientes controlados en nuestra seccion de neuropediatria con NF1 y diagnostico de trastorno por deficit de atencion/hiperactividad (TDAH), valorando la adhesion y respuesta al tratamiento. Pacientes y metodos. Se identifica a los pacientes afectos de NF1 que siguen controlados entre el 31 de diciembre de 2015 y el 31 de junio de 2017, y de ellos, los que presentan diagnostico de TDAH, revisando datos clinicos y de tratamiento. Resultados. Se ha controlado a 56 pacientes afectos de NF1, con una edad media de 9,83 ± 4,17 años. De ellos, 23 (41%) presentan diagnostico clinico de TDAH, con una edad media de 7,53 ± 2,46 años en el momento del diagnostico. El 48,8% de los niños en edad escolar esta afecto de TDAH. Todos los pacientes menos uno recibieron tratamiento con estimulantes, con un tiempo medio de tratamiento de 3,85 ± 3,04 años. Continuan con el tratamiento 19 pacientes de los 22 tratados (86%). Once casos refieren una clara mejoria, y ocho, una mejoria moderada. Conclusiones. El TDAH es muy prevalente en niños con NF1. Se destaca la importancia de la identificacion y el tratamiento del TDAH en niños afectos de NF1. Nuestra revision muestra una buena adhesion al tratamiento con estimulantes, con mantenida buena respuesta en la mayor parte de los casos.


Assuntos
Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade , Neurofibromatose 1 , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Neurofibromatose 1/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Comportamento Social
8.
Rev Neurol ; 65(11): 496-502, 2017 Dec 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29178107

RESUMO

AIM: To determine the characteristics of the demand for health care in hereditary-metabolic diseases in a Spanish tertiary care hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study involving a review of the epidemiological data, reasons for visiting, diagnoses and complementary studies of the patients treated by a metabolic disease unit over a period of 6 years and 11 months. RESULTS: Altogether 1012 patients were evaluated. There was a predominance of males (52%) and of patients under the age of 1 year (42.09%). 71.44% of them were under 6 years old. Approximately half of the patients (50.3%) came from hospitals (wards, outpatients, neonatology, emergency department, neuropaediatrics and intensive care), followed by the neonatal screening programme (20.36%) and primary care (14.82%). The most frequent reasons for visiting and diagnoses can be seen in their respective tables. CONCLUSIONS: The study of the demand for health care in hereditary-metabolic diseases is useful as a means to detect needs in their field and to try to adapt care to meet them. Medical, scientific and social progress makes it necessary to have an expert in metabolism present in reference clinical units. As members of multidisciplinary teams alongside other specialists, they will contribute towards accomplishing a suitable presumptive diagnosis, diagnosis, management and follow-up. It is necessary to keep them constantly up-to-date and ensure adequate training of new experts in metabolism, since this is the best way to deliver optimal care for those with metabolic illnesses, which are usually rare diseases.


TITLE: Estudio de la demanda asistencial de las enfermedades metabolico-hereditarias en un hospital español de tercer nivel.Objetivo. Conocer las caracteristicas de la demanda asistencial de las enfermedades metabolico-hereditarias en un hospital español de tercer nivel. Pacientes y metodos. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo en el que se revisan los datos epidemiologicos, los motivos de consulta, los diagnosticos y los estudios complementarios de los pacientes atendidos por la unidad de enfermedades metabolicas durante un periodo de 6 años y 11 meses. Resultados. Se valoraron un total de 1.012 pacientes. Hay un predominio de varones (52%) y de pacientes menores de 1 año (42,09%). El 71,44% son menores de 6 años. Los pacientes provienen en un 50,3% del ambito hospitalario (planta, consultas externas, neonatologia, urgencias, neuropediatria y cuidados intensivos), seguido del programa de cribado neonatal (20,36%) y de atencion primaria (14,82%). Conclusiones. El estudio de la demanda asistencial de las enfermedades metabolico-hereditarias es util para detectar necesidades en su campo y tratar de adecuar la asistencia a estas. Los avances medicos, cientificos y sociales hacen necesaria la existencia del experto en metabolismo en unidades clinicas de referencia, integrado en equipos multidisciplinares con otros especialistas, para una adecuada sospecha, diagnostico, manejo y seguimiento. Debe estar en continua actualizacion y garantizar la adecuada formacion de nuevos expertos en metabolismo, la mejor via para una optima atencion de los pacientes afectados de enfermedades metabolicas, habitualmente enfermedades raras.


Assuntos
Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Doenças Metabólicas , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Doenças Metabólicas/epidemiologia , Doenças Metabólicas/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Adulto Jovem
10.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 29(7): 402-407, sept. 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-127361

RESUMO

Introducción: El retraso global del desarrollo (RGD) y la discapacidad intelectual (DI) son motivos de consulta frecuentes en la práctica neuropediátrica. El rendimiento de los estudios diagnósticos en niños con RGD/DI varía ampliamente y, en consecuencia, no hay acuerdo universal respecto a los estudios que se deben realizar. Material y método: Revisamos nuestra experiencia en el diagnóstico etiológico de los niños con RGD/DI valorados en la consulta de Neuropediatría durante un periodo de 5 años: 2006-2010. Resultados: Durante el periodo de estudio fueron valorados 995 niños con RGD/DI. El diagnóstico etiológico fue establecido en 309 (31%) y no en 686 (69%), a pesar de múltiples estudios realizados. En 142 niños, el 46% de los casos con diagnóstico etiológico establecido, la causa es genética: 118 encefalopatías genéticas y 24 enfermedades metabólicas hereditarias. Nuestros datos indican que establecer un diagnóstico etiológico es más fácil cuando el RGD/DI está asociado a parálisis cerebral infantil, epilepsia, espasmos infantiles/síndrome de West o déficit visual, pero más difícil en casos de trastorno del espectro autista. Los estudios genéticos están incrementando los diagnósticos etiológicos y constituyéndose en el primer escalón de estudio. El microarray comparative genomic hybridisation es la prueba con mayor rentabilidad diagnóstica en el estudio de RGD/DI. Discusión: El coste-efectividad de los exámenes complementarios es aparentemente bajo en ausencia de orientación clínica. Incluso en ausencia de tratamiento, el diagnóstico etiológico es importante para establecer un consejo genético y posible diagnóstico prenatal, resolver cuestiones a padres y profesionales, y cesar la realización de más pruebas complementarias


Introduction: Global developmental delay (GDD) and intellectual disability (ID) are common reasons for consultation in paediatric neurology. Results from aetiological evaluations of children with GDD/ID vary greatly, and consequently, there is no universal consensus regarding which studies should be performed. Material and method: We review our experience with determining aetiological diagnoses for children with GDD/ID who were monitored by the paediatric neurology unit over the 5-year period between 2006 and 2010. Results: During the study period, 995 children with GDD/ID were monitored. An aetiological diagnosis was established for 309 patients (31%), but not in 686 (69%), despite completing numerous tests. A genetic cause was identified in 142 cases (46% of the total aetiologies established), broken down as 118 cases of genetic encephalopathy and 24 of metabolic hereditary diseases. Our data seem to indicate that diagnosis is easier when GDD/ID is associated with cerebral palsy, epilepsy, infantile spasms/West syndrome, or visual deficit, but more difficult in cases of autism spectrum disorders. Genetic studies provide an increasing number of aetiological diagnoses, and they are also becoming the first step in diagnostic studies. Array CGH (microarray-based comparative genomic hybridisation) is the genetic test with the highest diagnostic yield in children with unexplained GDD/ID. Discussion: The cost-effectiveness of complementary studies seems to be low if there are no clinically suspected entities. However, even in the absence of treatment, aetiological diagnosis is always important in order to provide genetic counselling and possible prenatal diagnosis, resolve family (and doctors') queries, and halt further diagnostic studies


Assuntos
Humanos , Transtornos Globais do Desenvolvimento Infantil/etiologia , Deficiência Intelectual/diagnóstico , Transtornos Psicomotores/diagnóstico , Hibridização Genômica Comparativa/métodos , Marcadores Genéticos
12.
Neurologia ; 29(7): 402-7, 2014 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24332781

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Global developmental delay (GDD) and intellectual disability (ID) are common reasons for consultation in paediatric neurology. Results from aetiological evaluations of children with GDD/ID vary greatly, and consequently, there is no universal consensus regarding which studies should be performed. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We review our experience with determining aetiological diagnoses for children with GDD/ID who were monitored by the paediatric neurology unit over the 5-year period between 2006 and 2010. RESULTS: During the study period, 995 children with GDD/ID were monitored. An aetiological diagnosis was established for 309 patients (31%), but not in 686 (69%), despite completing numerous tests. A genetic cause was identified in 142 cases (46% of the total aetiologies established), broken down as 118 cases of genetic encephalopathy and 24 of metabolic hereditary diseases. Our data seem to indicate that diagnosis is easier when GDD/ID is associated with cerebral palsy, epilepsy, infantile spasms/West syndrome, or visual deficit, but more difficult in cases of autism spectrum disorders. Genetic studies provide an increasing number of aetiological diagnoses, and they are also becoming the first step in diagnostic studies. Array CGH (microarray-based comparative genomic hybridisation) is the genetic test with the highest diagnostic yield in children with unexplained GDD/ID. DISCUSSION: The cost-effectiveness of complementary studies seems to be low if there are no clinically suspected entities. However, even in the absence of treatment, aetiological diagnosis is always important in order to provide genetic counselling and possible prenatal diagnosis, resolve family (and doctors') queries, and halt further diagnostic studies.


Assuntos
Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/etiologia , Deficiência Intelectual/etiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Hibridização Genômica Comparativa/métodos , Deficiências do Desenvolvimento/genética , Testes Genéticos/métodos , Humanos , Deficiência Intelectual/genética , Neurologia , Estudos Retrospectivos
13.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 77(3): 151-157, sept. 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-102596

RESUMO

Introducción: El síndrome de Prader-Willi (SPW) y el síndrome de Angelman (SA), fueron los primeros síndromes en la especie humana que se conocieron sujetos a fenómenos de improntagenómica (imprinting). Se revisa nuestra experiencia de 21 años en SPW y SA confirmados genéticamente. Resultados: De 13.875 pacientes del período de estudio, 11 fueron diagnosticados de SPW (18%),7 varones (63,6%) y 4 mujeres (36,4%), con una edad media de 9,06 años (+/- 6,92, rango: 0,68-21,6); el tiempo de seguimiento de este grupo era de 3,83 años (+/- 4,03, rango: 0,49-15,3), siendo la edad al diagnóstico de 4,40 años (+/- 6,84, rango: 0,03-19,38). El 72,7% de los pacientes afectos de SPW presentaban una disomía uniparental y un 27,3% una deleción paterna. En cuanto al SA, fueron diagnosticados 6 (8%), 4 mujeres (66,6%) y 2 varones (33,4%), con una edad media de 14,65 años (+/- 11,89, rango: 1,3-30,7); tiempo de seguimiento de 6,76 años (+/- 5,89,rango:0,16-15), siendo la edad al diagnóstico de 8,84 años (+/- 9,11, rango: 1,10-23). El 83,3% de los pacientes afectos de SA presentaban una deleción materna y un 16,7% de una disomía uniparental. Las características clínicas son concordantes con las referidas en la literatura. Discusión: conforme se realizan avances genéticos se confirman antes estas patologías. En nuestra serie, al contrario que los datos de la literatura, la mayoría de los sujetos diagnosticados de SPW (72’3%) presentaban disomía uniparental. Estudios recientes correlacionan el genotipo con el fenotipo, en SPW más grave si se produce deleción y en SA más leve en caso de disomía uniparental. Conclusión: Los estudios genéticos deben realizarse antes de que los cuadros clínicos estén establecidos: hipotonía neonatal de causa no identificada en SPW y valorar ante retrasos psicomotores con rasgos autistas, especialmente asociados a epilepsia en SA, para evitar incertidumbres diagnósticas, exámenes complementarios innecesarios y establecer un precoz asesoramiento genético (AU)


Introduction: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) were the first syndromes in humans that were known to originate from the phenomenon of the genomic imprinting. We review our experience of 21 years with PWS and AS that were confirmed with the genetically. Results: Of the 13,875 patients recorded during the study period, 11 were diagnosed with PWS (18%), 7 males (63.6%) and 4 females (36.4%), with a mean age of 9.06 years (+/- 6.92, range: 0.68-21.6). The time of the follow up of this group was 3.83 years (+/- 4.03, range: 0.49-15.3), and the age at diagnosis was 4.4 years (+/- 6.84, range: 0.03-19.38). Almost three quarters (72.7% of the PWS patients had a uniparental dysomy and 27.3% a paternal deletion. Six patients (8%) were diagnosed with AS, 4 females (66.6%) and 2 males (33.4%), with a mean age of 14.65years (+/- 11.89, range: 1.3-30.7). The time of follow up was 6.76 years (+/- 5.89, range: 0.16-15), and the age at diagnosis was 8.84 years (+/- 9.11, range: 1.10-23). A maternal deletion was present in 83.3% of the AS patients and 16.7% had a maternal dysomy. Discussion: As genetic advances are made these pathologies are confirmed before. Unlike the data in the literature, in our series most patients diagnosed with PWS (72’3%) had uniparental disomy. Recent studies correlation genotype with phenotype, in PWS is more serious if it occurs a deletion and in SA is milder in the case of uniparental disomy. Conclusions: Genetic studies must be performed in view of the established clinical symptoms: neonatal hypotonia of unknown cause in PWS and psychomotor deficits with autism features, particularly associated with epilepsy, must be evaluated in AS to prevent diagnostic uncertainties, unnecessary complementary examinations and to provide early genetic counselling(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Síndrome de Angelman/genética , Síndrome de Prader-Willi/genética , Genômica/métodos , Impressão Molecular/métodos , Supressão Genética , Dissomia Uniparental/genética , Aconselhamento Genético , Metilação de DNA
15.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 77(3): 151-7, 2012 Sep.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22406156

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) were the first syndromes in humans that were known to originate from the phenomenon of the genomic imprinting. We review our experience of 21 years with PWS and AS that were confirmed with the genetically. RESULTS: Of the 13,875 patients recorded during the study period, 11 were diagnosed with PWS (18%), 7 males (63.6%) and 4 females (36.4%), with a mean age of 9.06 years (+/- 6.92, range: 0.68-21.6). The time of the follow up of this group was 3.83 years (+/- 4.03, range: 0.49-15.3), and the age at diagnosis was 4.4 years (+/- 6.84, range: 0.03-19.38). Almost three quarters (72.7% of the PWS patients had a uniparental dysomy and 27.3% a paternal deletion. Six patients (8%) were diagnosed with AS, 4 females (66.6%) and 2 males (33.4%), with a mean age of 14.65 years (+/- 11.89, range: 1.3-30.7). The time of follow up was 6.76 years (+/- 5.89,range: 0.16-15), and the age at diagnosis was 8.84 years (+/- 9.11, range: 1.10-23). A maternal deletion was present in 83.3% of the AS patients and 16.7% had a maternal dysomy. DISCUSSION: As genetic advances are made these pathologies are confirmed before. Unlike the data in the literature, in our series most patients diagnosed with PWS (72'3%) had uniparental disomy. Recent studies correlation genotype with phenotype, in PWS is more serious if it occurs a deletion and in SA is milder in the case of uniparental disomy. CONCLUSIONS: Genetic studies must be performed in view of the established clinical symptoms: neonatal hypotonia of unknown cause in PWS and psychomotor deficits with autism features, particularly associated with epilepsy, must be evaluated in AS to prevent diagnostic uncertainties, unnecessary complementary examinations and to provide early genetic counselling.


Assuntos
Síndrome de Angelman , Síndrome de Angelman/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Angelman/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Síndrome de Prader-Willi/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Prader-Willi/genética , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo
17.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 26(8): 481-487, oct. 2011. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-101886

RESUMO

Introducción: Consideramos encefalopatías prenatales las que tienen datos clínicos o prenatales de encefalopatía antes del nacimiento. Afectan a un número importante de niños controlados en las consultas de neuropediatría. Pueden ser disruptivas (por problemas vasculares durante el embarazo, drogas, tóxicos o infecciones congénitas), y genéticamente determinadas. Incluimos casos de trastorno del espectro autista y retardo mental sin historia de sufrimiento perinatal o postnatal. Material y métodos: Se revisa nuestra experiencia en el diagnóstico etiológico de las encefalopatías prenatales durante los últimos 19 años. Se analizan los estudios realizados en los casos sin diagnóstico etiológico. Resultados: En el periodo de estudio de 19 años y 5 meses, en la base de datos de neuropediatría figuran 11.910 niños. Tienen establecido el diagnóstico de encefalopatía prenatal 1596 (13,5%). De ellos no tienen diagnóstico etiológico preciso 1.307 niños (81,4%) pese a habérseles realizado múltiples estudios complementarios, fundamentalmente bioquímicos, genéticos y de neuroimagen. Discusión: Muchos de los niños incluidos en este estudio presentan enfermedades raras, estén o no identificadas, que demandan crecientemente un diagnóstico precoz. Enfermedades peroxisomales, lisosomales, mitocondriales, defectos congénitos de la glucosilación, entre otras enfermedades metabólicas hereditarias, infecciones congénitas, cromosomopatías y genopatías, pueden ser indistinguibles clínicamente y necesitan estudios específicos para su identificación. Un diagnóstico precoz precisa estrategias de estudios sistemáticos de forma escalonada, priorizando las enfermedades que tienen posibilidades terapéuticas y en muchos casos es necesaria también una aproximación individualizada. Creemos que las ventajas potenciales del diagnóstico precoz, incluido el ahorro de más pruebas, y la prevención, probablemente sobrepasan el gasto financiero (AU)


Introduction: We examine those prenatal encephalopathies with clinical or neuroimaging data of encephalopathy before the birth. They affect a significant number of children seen by paediatric neurologists. They can be of disruptive origin (due to vascular problems, drugs, toxins or congenital infections), and genetically determined. We include cases of autism spectrum disorder and mental retardation with no history of perinatal of postnatal damages. Material and methods: We analysed our 19 year neuro-paediatric data base in search of prenatal encephalopathies and their diagnostic origin. We also analyse the studies made in the cases with a diagnosis of unknown origin. Results: The 19 year period of study in the data base included 11,910 children, and 1596 (13.5%) were considered as prenatal encephalopathies; 1307 children (81.4%) had a diagnosis of unknown origin, despite many investigations being done in a large number of them. Discussion: Most of the children included in this study suffer a rare disease, and whether they are identified or not, they increasingly require an early diagnosis. Peroxisomal, mitochondrial, lysosomal diseases, carbohydrate glycosylation deficiency syndrome and other inborn error of metabolism, congenital infections and genetic encephalopathies, can be clinically indistinguishable in early life and require specific studies to identify them. Early diagnosis requires strategies using step-wise systematic studies, giving priority to those diseases that could be treated, and in many cases using an individualised approach. We believe that the potential benefits of early diagnosis, including savings on further studies, genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis, overcome the financial costs (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Encefalopatias/congênito , Doenças Raras/epidemiologia , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal/métodos , Neuroimagem , Estudos de Associação Genética , Diagnóstico Precoce , Transtornos do Espectro Alcoólico Fetal/epidemiologia , Meningomielocele/epidemiologia
20.
Neurologia ; 26(8): 481-7, 2011 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21377246

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: We examine those prenatal encephalopathies with clinical or neuroimaging data of encephalopathy before the birth. They affect a significant number of children seen by paediatric neurologists. They can be of disruptive origin (due to vascular problems, drugs, toxins or congenital infections), and genetically determined. We include cases of autism spectrum disorder and mental retardation with no history of perinatal of postnatal damages. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analysed our 19 year neuro-paediatric data base in search of prenatal encephalopathies and their diagnostic origin. We also analyse the studies made in the cases with a diagnosis of unknown origin. RESULTS: The 19 year period of study in the data base included 11,910 children, and 1596 (13.5%) were considered as prenatal encephalopathies; 1307 children (81.4%) had a diagnosis of unknown origin, despite many investigations being done in a large number of them. DISCUSSION: Most of the children included in this study suffer a rare disease, and whether they are identified or not, they increasingly require an early diagnosis. Peroxisomal, mitochondrial, lysosomal diseases, carbohydrate glycosylation deficiency syndrome and other inborn error of metabolism, congenital infections and genetic encephalopathies, can be clinically indistinguishable in early life and require specific studies to identify them. Early diagnosis requires strategies using step-wise systematic studies, giving priority to those diseases that could be treated, and in many cases using an individualised approach. We believe that the potential benefits of early diagnosis, including savings on further studies, genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis, overcome the financial costs.


Assuntos
Encefalopatias Metabólicas Congênitas , Doenças Fetais , Testes Genéticos , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Diagnóstico Pré-Natal , Encefalopatias Metabólicas Congênitas/genética , Encefalopatias Metabólicas Congênitas/patologia , Encefalopatias Metabólicas Congênitas/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Doenças Fetais/diagnóstico , Doenças Fetais/fisiopatologia , Aconselhamento Genético , Humanos , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/genética , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/patologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/fisiopatologia
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